The study explored the role of serious gaming in strengthening stakeholder engagement in addressing human-water challenges. The gaming approach guided community discussions toward implementable decisions. The results showed increasing active participation, knowledge gain, and use of plural pronouns. We observed decreasing individual interests and conflicts among game participants. The study presents important implications for creating a collective basis for water resources management.

East African water towers (WTs) are under pressure from human influences within and without, but the water yield (WY) is more sensitive to climate changes from within. Land use changes have greater impacts on WY in the surrounding lowlands. The WTs have seen a strong shift towards wetter conditions while, at the same time, the potential evapotranspiration is gradually increasing. The WTs were identified as non-resilient, and future WY may experience more extreme variations.