We show that temperature anomalies of +/-5 K at a depth of 2 m in the soil can impact atmospheric potential air temperatures in idealized domains, utilizing the urban micro-climate model PALM-4U, depending on the season, daytime, land cover, and lateral boundary conditions of the domain. The magnitude of change depends mostly on seasonality and daytime. This amounts between 0.1 K and 0.4 K. Land covers have an influence on the absolute temperature but a smaller one on the magnitude.

This study aims to identify clusters of landslide events within a global database that are triggered by the same rainfall event. Results show that 14 % of all recorded landslide events are actually part of a landslide cluster consisting of at least 10 events. However, in a more regional analysis this number ranges from 30 % for the west coast of North America to 3 % in the Himalayan region. These findings provide an improved understanding for managing landslide mitigations on a larger scale.

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges modern society faces. Increasing temperatures are observed both above ground and, as discussed here, in the groundwater – the source of most drinking water. Within Austria average temperature increased by 0.7 °C over the past 20 years, with an increase of more than 3 °C in some wells and temperature decrease in others. However, these extreme changes can be linked to local events such as the construction of a new drinking water supply.