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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>AGILE: GIScience Series</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">AGILE GIScience Ser.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2700-8150</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/agile-giss-7-3-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Inclusive Multimodal Routing: How Behavioral Constraints Shape Accessibility</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gogousou</surname>
<given-names>Ioanna</given-names>

</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3200-7202</ext-link></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Canestrini</surname>
<given-names>Manuela</given-names>

</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1501-8398</ext-link></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Alinaghi</surname>
<given-names>Negar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Giannopoulos</surname>
<given-names>Ioannis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<elocation-id>3</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2026 Ioanna Gogousou et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/agile-giss-7-3-2026.html">This article is available from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/agile-giss-7-3-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/agile-giss-7-3-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/agile-giss-7-3-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Conventional routing algorithms in urban settings typically optimize travel time, assuming that travelers will accept any combination of public and active transport modes to have the fastest route. Empirical evidence, however, shows that people value more than just time: they usually avoid routes with excessive walking or transfers, even if they are technically the fastest. Most existing studies assume an average, healthy population and do not account for travelers who cannot or do not wish to meet typical mobility requirements. This work examines how routing outcomes change when mobility preference thresholds, defined as maximum acceptable walking distance, cycling distance, and number of transfers within a trip, are reduced. Using a synthetic mobility data generation pipeline, we generate thousands of Origin&amp;ndash;Destination (OD) pairs and systematically reduce these thresholds by 25%, 50%, and 75% relative to baseline average values. Results from the city of &lt;em&gt;Vienna&lt;/em&gt;, show that &lt;em&gt;feasible&lt;/em&gt; routes, namely the routes that satisfy average mobility thresholds, exist for the majority of OD pairs (18,639/20,000), while average travel times for these routes remain relatively stable. However, stricter thresholds lead to major feasibility losses: only 1,506 of 20,000 OD pairs remain feasible, with average travel times increasing by min 5 to max 46% compared to the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/r2674" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/779365/10/locale/ssl" width="150px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Reproducibility review available at: &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/r2674" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/r2674&lt;/a&gt;</p>
</abstract>
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