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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>AGILE: GIScience Series</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">AGILE GIScience Ser.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2700-8150</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/agile-giss-7-28-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The potential of street-level and 3D views: Making public participation in urban planning more accessible to people with cognitive disabilities</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kirstein</surname>
<given-names>Judith</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0161-5420</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Keßler</surname>
<given-names>Carsten</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Köckler</surname>
<given-names>Heike</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kupitz</surname>
<given-names>Christin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Walter-Klose</surname>
<given-names>Christian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fleck</surname>
<given-names>Stefan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geodesy, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Bochum, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Community Health, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Bochum, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<elocation-id>28</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Judith Kirstein et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/7/28/2026/agile-giss-7-28-2026.html">This article is available from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/7/28/2026/agile-giss-7-28-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/7/28/2026/agile-giss-7-28-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/7/28/2026/agile-giss-7-28-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Tools for public participation in urban planning processes often assume basic map literacy. People with cognitive disabilities are therefore usually excluded. This work examines whether street-level views and 3D views can make participation more inclusive, and identifies group-specific requirements for participation tools. We have developed and evaluated a demo tool in collaboration with a group of people with cognitive disabilities. The results show that many participants are able to recognize locations more easily in 3D views and street-level views than on the map. Combinations of different views have also shown to be beneficial. High resolution and broad availability of data are important, as are suitable conditions, such as assistance and support for alternative input devices. The study also highlights the need to further develop open-source map alternatives and open data.</p>
</abstract>
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