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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>AGILE: GIScience Series</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AGILE-GISS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">AGILE GIScience Ser.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2700-8150</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/agile-giss-4-47-2023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Visualizing of the below-ground water network infrastructure</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van den Beukel</surname>
<given-names>Sibe</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4395-9244</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Verbree</surname>
<given-names>Edward</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Oosterom</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5043, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>47</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2023 Sibe van den Beukel et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/4/47/2023/agile-giss-4-47-2023.html">This article is available from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/4/47/2023/agile-giss-4-47-2023.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/4/47/2023/agile-giss-4-47-2023.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/4/47/2023/agile-giss-4-47-2023.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This research addresses the design and the utilization of vertical reference features in Augmented Reality (AR) to aid in providing perspective from underground pipes to the ground surface. The study utilizes 3D GIS data and assigns Z coordinates to the Underground Utility Networks (UUNs) using the AHN4 digital elevation data of the Netherlands (and either use standard depth or surveyed depth). However, registering Z coordinates and related data at the vertex level presents data registration issues that Esri&apos;s current Utility Network Model (UNM) cannot accommodate. A supplementary data model is required to address this, which can be achieved through vertical reference features. These multifunctional features emphasize the height difference between the pipe and the ground surface and can be used in AR applications to provide better depth clues. Additionally, polygons signatures and flow direction are utilized to enhance visualization.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
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